justification for imperialism

• European superiority
• Social Darwinism: derived from darwinism, that the only the fittest survive, however applying it to nations and cultures; that strong nations ate the weak nations
• Civilizing mission: Europeans missions to civilize other cultures and people, because they thought they were superior and it was their duty to civilize the “barbaric” people.
• “The White Man’s Burden”: the “burden” of white men going around and educating the others about European culture, cause the Eur were superior
  • Yellow Peril: Europeans saw Chinese as childish, weak, and conservative
• Nationalism: the thought that the people of the same culture, tradition, and language would form a sense of community and be loyal to that nation.

state expansion:

imperialism: a process by which one nation extends its influence and power into another nation either by diplomacy or force

• British build Suez Canal & seize control from Ottomans because of unrest
• French establishes Settler Colony in Western Africa

"Scramble for Africa"

• land grabbing of Africa.
• Otto Von Bismarck calls for Berlin Conference because this might cause war
• colonial boundaries: separates tribes and puts them together with rival tribes

Belgian King Leopold II pushes into Congo, claims as it his own

• brutal policies against Congolese: 8 mill people die
• Belgian state takes over and conditions improve

Indian British Presence

• British claims territory from Mughal empire & eventually all of India

China: