A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.

russian revolution

Cause:

→ the defeat of WWI; working class and soldiers >:$ abt elite privileges

→ gov didn’t work on building a strong infrastructure (railroads, roads)= weak econ

→ no suffrage or edu rights

→ Bloody Sunday Massacre in 1905 (gov shot rights protesters)

→ lost Crimean War to the Ott; lost Russo-Japanese War to Japan (bc of J indus)= Rus weaken

Effects:

→ Bolsheviks: groups of Rus communists who overthrew the Tsar gov; rep the oppressed working class in Rus

→ Vladimer Lenin: leaders of the Bolsheviks group

→ Bolsheviks and Lenin est communist gov (abolish free trade, nationalized factories/industries, redistribute crops to feed urban workers)

• The West dominated the global political order at the beginning of the 20th century, but both land-based and maritime empires gave way to new states by the century’s end.
• The older, land-based Ottoman, Russian, and Qing empires collapsed due to a combination of internal and external factors. These changes in Russia eventually led to communist revolution.
• States around the world challenged the existing political and social order, including the Mexican Revolution that arose as a result of political crisis.

Causes and consequences of World War I.

• The causes of World War I included imperialist expansion and competition for resources. In addition, territorial and regional conflicts combined with a flawed alliance system and intense nationalism to escalate the tensions into global conflict.