technological innovations in sea-based empires:

• land based empire expand through gunpowder; but still used in sea based empires
• maritime(related to the sea) empires expand through
  • inherited: wind patterns, astronomical charts, astrolabe, magnetic compass, lateen sail

created:

• portuguese: caraval; small, navigable & fast but carry heaps of cargo
• dutch: fluyt; big cargo bays, less crewmembers, less expensive— built exclusively for trade, not military.
• carrick

exploration: causes and events 1450 - 1750

• states sponsor maritime exploration because
  • gold, god, glory
• mercantilism: economic practice & belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism, at the expense of other countries —> more wealth
• europeans expand for christianity; to convert.
• glory: control large empire.

state sponsor example:

• portugal: near sea to expand.
  • Bartholomew Diaz: 1488 sailed tip of africa, went home
  • franciscans worked to convert mass of Chinese people
  • Vasco Da Gama: 1498 went to India, claimed India as portugal empire. Also went to China to convert.
    • franciscans worked to convert mass of Chinese people
    • jesuits convert elite of Chinese
    • didn't work because China considered christianity barbaric
• portuguese wanted to control monopoly over spice trade & charge all other ships passing through
• spain: also sponsored lots of exploration:
  • Magellan: first to circumnavigate the globe by going west: annex network of islands
  • Christopher Columbus: aztec & inca empires, found lot of gold.
• led to slavery.
• english:
  • sponsor John Cabot, claim territory from Canada to chesapeake bay.
  • establish colony called Jamestown in Chesapeake bay
• france:
  • claimed Canadian land. found natural resources, establish Quebec. use natives as trading posts.
• dutch:
  • hudson river— new amsterdam